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Segment Any Point Cloud Sequences by Distilling Vision Foundation Models

[Youquan Liu](https://github.com/youquanl)1,*   
[Lingdong Kong](https://ldkong.com)1,2,*   
[Jun Cen](http://cen-jun.com)3   
[Runnan Chen](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Uq2DuzkAAAAJ)4   
[Wenwei Zhang](http://zhangwenwei.cn)1,5  

[Liang Pan](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lSDISOcAAAAJ)5   
[Kai Chen](http://chenkai.site)1   
[Ziwei Liu](https://liuziwei7.github.io)5
  

1Shanghai AI Laboratory   
2National University of Singapore   
3The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology   
4The University of Hong Kong   
5S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University

Seal :seal:

Seal is a versatile self-supervised learning framework capable of segmenting any automotive point clouds by leveraging off-the-shelf knowledge from vision foundation models (VFMs) and encouraging spatial and temporal consistency from such knowledge during the representation learning stage.

:sparkles: Highlight

• :rocket: Scalability: Seal directly distills the knowledge from VFMs into point clouds, eliminating the need for annotations in either 2D or 3D during pretraining.
• :balance_scale: Consistency: Seal enforces the spatial and temporal relationships at both the camera-to-LiDAR and point-to-segment stages, facilitating cross-modal representation learning.
• :rainbow: Generalizability: Seal enables knowledge transfer in an off-the-shelf manner to downstream tasks involving diverse point clouds, including those from real/synthetic, low/high-resolution, large/small-scale, and clean/corrupted datasets.

:oncoming_automobile: 2D-3D Correspondence

:movie_camera: Video Demo

Demo 1	Demo 2	Demo 3
Link :arrow_heading_up:	Link :arrow_heading_up:	Link :arrow_heading_up:

Updates

• [2023.12] - We are hosting The RoboDrive Challenge at ICRA 2024. :blue_car:
• [2023.09] - Seal was selected as a :sparkles: spotlight :sparkles: at NeurIPS 2023.
• [2023.09] - Seal was accepted to NeurIPS 2023! :tada:
• [2023.07] - We release the code for generating semantic superpixel & superpoint by SLIC, SAM, and SEEM. More VFMs coming on the way!
• [2023.06] - Our paper is available on arXiv, click here to check it out. Code will be available later!

Outline

• Installation
• Data Preparation
• Superpoint Generation
• Getting Started
• Main Result
• TODO List
• License
• Acknowledgement
• Citation

Installation

Please refer to INSTALL.md for the installation details.

Data Preparation

nuScenes	SemanticKITTI	Waymo Open	ScribbleKITTI
RELLIS-3D	SemanticPOSS	SemanticSTF	DAPS-3D
SynLiDAR	Synth4D	nuScenes-C

Please refer to DATA_PREPARE.md for the details to prepare these datasets.

Superpoint Generation

Raw Point Cloud	Semantic Superpoint	Groundtruth

Kindly refer to SUPERPOINT.md for the details to generate the semantic superpixels & superpoints with vision foundation models.

Getting Started

Kindly refer to GET_STARTED.md to learn more usage of this codebase.

Main Result

:unicorn: Framework Overview

Overview of the Seal :seal: framework. We generate, for each {LiDAR, camera} pair at timestamp t and another LiDAR frame at timestamp t + n, the semantic superpixel and superpoint by VFMs. Two pertaining objectives are then formed, including spatial contrastive learning between paired LiDAR and camera features and temporal consistency regularization between segments at different timestamps.

:car: Cosine Similarity

The cosine similarity between a query point (red dot) and the feature learned with SLIC and different VFMs in our Seal :seal: framework. The queried semantic classes from top to bottom examples are: “car”, “manmade”, and “truck”. The color goes from violet to yellow denoting low and high similarity scores, respectively.

:blue_car: Benchmark

Method

nuScenes

KITTI

Waymo

Synth4D

LP

1%

5%

10%

25%

Full

1%

1%

1%

Random

8.10

30.30

47.84

56.15

65.48

74.66

39.50

39.41

20.22

PointContrast

21.90

32.50

41.10

DepthContrast

22.10

31.70

41.50

PPKT

35.90

37.80

53.74

60.25

67.14

74.52

44.00

47.60

61.10

SLidR

38.80

38.30

52.49

59.84

66.91

74.79

44.60

47.12

63.10

ST-SLidR

40.48

40.75

54.69

60.75

67.70

75.14

44.72

44.93

Seal :seal:

44.95

45.84

55.64

62.97

68.41

75.60

46.63

49.34

64.50

:bus: Linear Probing

The qualitative results of our Seal :seal: framework pretrained on nuScenes (without using groundtruth labels) and linear probed with a frozen backbone and a linear classification head. To highlight the differences, the correct / incorrect predictions are painted in gray / red, respectively.

:articulated_lorry: Downstream Generalization

Method

ScribbleKITTI

RELLIS-3D

SemanticPOSS

SemanticSTF

SynLiDAR

DAPS-3D

1%

10%

1%

10%

Half

Full

Half

Full

1%

10%

Half

Full

Random

23.81

47.60

38.46

53.60

46.26

54.12

48.03

48.15

19.89

44.74

74.32

79.38

PPKT

36.50

51.67

49.71

54.33

50.18

56.00

50.92

54.69

37.57

46.48

78.90

84.00

SLidR

39.60

50.45

49.75

54.57

51.56

55.36

52.01

54.35

42.05

47.84

81.00

85.40

Seal :seal:

40.64

52.77

51.09

55.03

53.26

56.89

53.46

55.36

43.58

49.26

81.88

85.90

:truck: Robustness Probing

:tractor: Qualitative Assessment

The qualitative results of Seal :seal: and prior methods pretrained on nuScenes (without using groundtruth labels) and fine-tuned with 1% labeled data. To highlight the differences, the correct / incorrect predictions are painted in gray / red, respectively.

TODO List

• [x] Initial release. :rocket:
• [x] Add license. See here for more details.
• [x] Add video demos :movie_camera:
• [x] Add installation details.
• [x] Add data preparation details.
• [x] Support semantic superpixel generation.
• [x] Support semantic superpoint generation.
• [ ] Add evaluation details.
• [ ] Add training details.

Citation

If you find this work helpful, please kindly consider citing our paper:

@inproceedings{liu2023segment,
  title = {Segment Any Point Cloud Sequences by Distilling Vision Foundation Models},
  author = {Liu, Youquan and Kong, Lingdong and Cen, Jun and Chen, Runnan and Zhang, Wenwei and Pan, Liang and Chen, Kai and Liu, Ziwei},
  booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}, 
  year = {2023},
}

@misc{liu2023segment_any_point_cloud,
  title = {The Segment Any Point Cloud Codebase},
  author = {Liu, Youquan and Kong, Lingdong and Cen, Jun and Chen, Runnan and Zhang, Wenwei and Pan, Liang and Chen, Kai and Liu, Ziwei},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/youquanl/Segment-Any-Point-Cloud}},
  year = {2023},
}

License

This work is under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Acknowledgement

This work is developed based on the MMDetection3D codebase.

MMDetection3D is an open-source object detection toolbox based on PyTorch, towards the next-generation platform for general 3D detection. It is a part of the OpenMMLab project developed by MMLab.

Part of this codebase has been adapted from SLidR, Segment Anything, X-Decoder, OpenSeeD, Segment Everything Everywhere All at Once, LaserMix, and Robo3D.

:heart: We thank the exceptional contributions from the above open-source repositories!